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Authors
Toriyama, Shumpei https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5462-629X
Sasaki, Nozomi
Yamaguchi, Takumu https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2300-6606
Sato, Hiroki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-2198
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 23K25652))
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All participants provided written informed consent before the study started, which complied with the ethical principles enshrined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 amendment). The Shibaura Institute of Technology Research Ethics Committee approved the study protocol (Approval No: 22-037).
: Not applicable. This study did not include any identifiable individual data, such as personal details, images, or videos.
