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Article History

Received: 4 August 2021

Accepted: 4 October 2021

First Online: 6 December 2021

Declarations

:

: Stuart H. Ralston reports non-personal fees from UCB, Pfizer, Abbvie, Cellgene, Kyowa-Kirin, Alexion, Amgen, Cellgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Thornton & Ross, Sanofi-Genzyme, Roche and Sandoz and grants from Kyowa Kirin and Astra Zeneca, outside the submitted work. NCH reports personal fees, consultancy, lecture fees and honoraria from Alliance for Better Bone Health, AMGEN, MSD, Eli Lilly, Servier, Shire, UCB, Consilient Healthcare, Kyowa Kirin and Internis Pharma, outside the submitted work. Cyrus Cooper reports consultancy, lecture fees and honoraria from AMGEN, GSK, Alliance for Better Bone Health, MSD, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, Servier, Medtronic and Roche outside the scope of the submitted work. Kate A. Ward reports honoraria from Abbot Nutrition, Pfizer Healthcare outside the submitted work. Juliet E. Compston reports honoraria from Amgen and UCB outside the scope of the submitted work. CO is inventor of a patent concerning the use of probiotic strains for use in treatment or prevention of osteoporosis (EPA EP2981274A4). Owen Cronin, Susan A. Lanham‑New, Bernard M. Corfe, Celia L. Gregson, Andrea L. Darling, Kourosh R. Ahmadi, Philippa S. Gibson, Jon H. Tobias, Maria H. Traka, Megan Rossi, Claire Williams, Nicholas C. Harvey, Kevin Whelan, André G. Uitterlinden, and Paul W. O’Toole have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.