Sophocleous, Antonia
Azfer, Asim
Huesa, Carmen
Stylianou, Eleni
Ralston, Stuart H. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2804-7586
Article History
Received: 17 June 2022
Accepted: 19 September 2022
First Online: 19 October 2022
Conflict of interest
: Professor Ralston reports funding to his institution from Abbvie, Alexion, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cellgene, Janssen-Cilag, Kyowa Kirin, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Sandoz, UCB, and Thornton and Ross; and research funding to his institution from Astra Zeneca and UCB, outside the submitted work. Dr Sophocleous and Professor Ralston are inventors of a patent concerning the use of probiotics in the treatment of osteoarthritis in mammals filed by Probi AB (WO2020212528). The other authors report no conflicts of interest.
: All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body of the University of Edinburgh and were conducted in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.