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Authors
Quester, Johan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-2846
Nethander, Maria
Coward, Eivind
Reimann, Ene
Mägi, Reedik
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Metspalu, Andres
Milani, Lili
Esko, Tõnu
Mägi, Reedik
Nelis, Mari
Hudjashov, Georgi
Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika
Hveem, Kristian
Ohlsson, Claes
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vetenskapsrådet (2020-01392, 2016-01001)
the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-720331, ALFGBG-965235)
IngaBritt och Arne Lundbergs Forskningsstiftelse (LU2021-0096, LU2017-0081)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF 190C0055250)
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (KAW2015.0317)
University of Gothenburg
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2024
Accepted: 27 September 2024
First Online: 16 October 2024
Declarations
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: C.O. has filed patent applications in the field of effects of probiotics on osteoporosis. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: All individual-level data used in this study have been obtained from four Nordic biobanks: The UK Biobank, The UFO Study, The HUNT study, and the Estonian Biobank. These biobanks obtained written informed consent from all participants and received approval from their respective research ethics committees. The UK Biobank has ethical approval from the Northwest Multicentre Research Ethics Committee (11/NW/0382). The UFO study was approved by the local research ethics committee at Umeå University (Umu dnr 03-426; EPN 2012-254-32 M; 2011/32-32 M; 2011-251-32 M). The HUNT study has been approved by the Regional Ethics Committee for Medical Research in Norway (REK 2015/615; REK 2014/144). Estonian Biobank has ethical approval from the Estonian Committee on Bioethics and Human Research at the Ministry of Social Affairs (No 1.1-12/624). The current study was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study did not involve experimental animals.
