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Article History

Received: 17 October 2024

Accepted: 24 February 2025

First Online: 12 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The Division of Therapeutic Development for Intractable Bone Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo is an endowment department supported by Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. N.I. received support for the present manuscript (funding and medical writing support funding) from Kyowa Kirin to the author’s institution; and grants and consulting fees from Kyowa Kirin. H.G.K. received grants or contracts from ChongKunDang, Handok, Kyowa Kirin, Amgen, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, and AstraZeneca; consulting fees from Handok and Kyowa Kirin; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Alexion, Handok, and Kyowa Kirin; and participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Bayer. T.M. received support for the present manuscript (funding and medical writing support funding) from Kyowa Kirin to the author’s institution; consulting fees from Kyowa Kirin and Alexion Pharmaceuticals; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Kyowa Kirin, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Novo Nordisk, and BioMarin Pharmaceutical. N.N. received support for the present manuscript (funding and medical writing support funding) from Kyowa Kirin to the author’s institution; consulting fees and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Kyowa Kirin; and served a leadership or fiduciary role as Director for the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (JSPE), Chair for the Bone and Mineral Metabolism Committee of the JSPE, and Chair for the Scientific Program Committee of the Asia Pacific Paediatric Endocrine Society (APPES). T.K. received support for the present manuscript (funding and medical writing support funding) from Kyowa Kirin to the author’s institution; and consulting fees and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Kyowa Kirin. A.S. received support for the present manuscript (funding and medical writing support funding) from Kyowa Kirin to the author’s institution; consulting fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical (to the author’s institution), Daiichi Sankyo (to the author’s institution), Kyowa Kirin (to the author’s institution), Takeda Pharmaceutical (to the author and author’s institution), and Shionogi Pharma (to the author); and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AbbVie, Asahi Kasei, AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma, Bayer Yakuhin, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Merck Biopharma, Maruho, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Nipro Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Nippon Shinyaku, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Taisho Pharmaceutical, and Torii Pharmaceutical. R.K. has nothing to disclose. D.K. received support for the present manuscript (funding and medical writing support funding) from Kyowa Kirin to the author’s institution; and consulting fees from Kyowa Kirin. Y.N. is an employee of Kyowa Kirin. H.I. is an employee of Kyowa Kirin. S.F. received support for the present manuscript (funding and medical writing support funding) from Kyowa Kirin; and consulting fees from Kyowa Kirin. K.O. has received consulting fees, and payment or honoraria from Kyowa Kirin, and served a leadership or fiduciary role in the JSPE.

: The study was conducted in compliance with the most recent version of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all applicable national regulations in Japan (including the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects) and South Korea (including local regulations and guidelines). The protocol and the informed consent documentation were approved by the Ethics Committee of Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, the Ethics Committee of Kyowa Kirin, and the Ethics Committee of each participating medical institution.

: Written informed consent was provided by all patients aged 20 years and older or from the parents or legal representatives of patients aged < 20 years.