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Authors
Li, Jing
Shi, Lin-Ke
Wu, Xu-Hui
Luo, Chuo
Tian, Lin
Liu, Shu-Ying
Wang, Qin-Yi
Sheng, Zhi-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-3024
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870622)
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2022JJ30828, 2023JJ30747)
Hunan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Intelligent Management of Chronic Disease (2023SK4042)
Hunan Provincial Health High-level Talents Program, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (2022ZZTS0947, 2023ZZTS0585)
Degree & Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Central South University (512190112)
Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission (C202303067096)
Bethune Charitable Foundation, BCF (GX2021B04)
Central Subsidy for Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases and HANS CARING Inc (Central Subsidy for Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases and HANS CARING Inc)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: Jing Li, Lin-Ke Shi, Xu-Hui Wu, Chuo Luo, Lin Tian, Shu-Ying Liu, Qin-Yi Wang and Zhi-Feng Sheng declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This study utilized publicly available secondary statistics and did not involve personal or medical information about identifiable living individuals. No animal subjects were used in this research. The nature of the data and analysis did not require additional ethical approval or individual consent. Our study adhered to the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).
