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Authors
Tian, Jiashen
Lu, Zhichuang
Wang, Zhen
Du, Jing
Xing, Yankuo
Gao, Xianggang
Kong, Zhongren
Han, Jiabo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Nature Science Foundation of China (42276141)
China Environment and Zoology Protection for Offshore Oil and Ocean Foundation (CF-MEEC/TR/2025-3)
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Article History
Received: 13 April 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 31 July 2025
Declarations
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: All international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. The sample collection of spotted seals was authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (permit number: 1376).
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this study.
