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Investigating active parental care in egg-bearing Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus with varying nemertean egg predator Carcinonemertes conanobrieni intensities

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-025-04719-z

Published Online: 2025-09-02

Published Print: 2025-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Stephens, Natalie C.

Behringer, Donald C.

Porter, Rose

Baker, Alyssa M.

Baeza, J. Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2573-6773
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy grant (NA20NMF4270197)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-02

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-02
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Article History

Received: 2 February 2025

Accepted: 4 August 2025

First Online: 2 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests that are relevant to the contents of this article.

: No approval was required by an ethical committee to complete this study given the behavioral assays were performed using an unregulated marine invertebrate. Approval to collect and use female spiny lobsters from the Florida Keys was granted by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation.

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