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Spatial distribution, microhabitat association, dependence to live corals, and habitat partitioning among five grouper species (family Epinephelidae) in an Okinawan coral reef

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-025-04746-w

Published Online: 2025-10-13

Published Print: 2025-11

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Nanami, Atsushi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6601-1990
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment (S-15-3(4): JPMEERF16S11513].)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-13

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Article History

Received: 9 April 2025

Accepted: 23 September 2025

First Online: 13 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The author declares that have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: No animal testing or no animal sampling was performed during the study.

: All data was obtained only by field observations, which do not require a field permit in Okinawa.

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