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Authors
Otjacques, Eve https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0880-9360
Ranieri, Nicolina G.
Repolho, Tiago
Xavier, José C.
Ruby, Edward
McFall-Ngai, Margaret
Rosa, Rui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UI/BD/151019/2021)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UIDB/04292/2020)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (LA/P/0069/2020)
British Ecological Society (SR21/1465)
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: The protocol followed during this experiment was reviewed and approved by the FCUL Animal Welfare Committee. This research was conducted in compliance with Portuguese and EU legislation on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (Decreto-Lei 113/2013 and Directive 2010/63/EU, respectively). The fieldwork was performed under the permit 1778/2021/DRI delivered by the Portuguese authorities (Direção-Geral de Recursos Naturais, Segurança e Serviços Marítimos).
