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Authors
Vigo, Ramón https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-9330
Lau, Sarah L. Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-0821
Gefaell, Juan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-6726
Galindo, Juan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8631-8006
Williams, Gray A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0193-6591
Truebano, Manuela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2586-6524
Rolán-Alvarez, Emilio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-278X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade de Vigo
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing or financial interests.
: All snails were collected from locations with sufficient density to avoid compromising the population viability. No special permissions were required for these experiments as L. saxatilis is not considered a vulnerable species. However, the wellbeing of all the individuals involved in the experiments was ensured according to the ASAB guidelines (ASAB Ethical Committee/ABS Animal Care Committee ). Surviving snails from the Ria de Vigo were returned to their habitat after the experiment. Snails from the Ria de Arousa and Pontevedra were euthanized by freezing at -20 °C immediately following the recovery period.
