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Authors
Spadaro, Angelo Jason https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-4215
Queen, Taylor
McFadden, Jaclyn
Pham, Marina
Gravinese, Philip M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Marine Sanctuary Foundation (21-02-B-307)
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2025
Accepted: 7 February 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: Authors have no relevant competing, financial, or non-financial interests to disclose.
: As the study focused entirely on invertebrate animal subjects, it did not require ethics approval from any of the author institutions. However, all animal subjects were treated humanely.
: Not Applicable, no human subjects.
: Not Applicable, no human subjects.
