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Article History

Received: 15 February 2023

Accepted: 7 September 2023

First Online: 13 September 2023

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by Kansai Medical University ethics committee, registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000006417), and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki for human research. All participants received an explanation of the study before providing written informed consent.

: We have had the following interests over the past 3 years: Masaki Kato received grant funding from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation, the Japan Research Foundation for Clinical Pharmacology, and the Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and speaker’s honoraria from Sumitomo Pharma, Otsuka, Meiji-Seika Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD K.K., Pfizer, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Shionogi, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Lundbeck, and Ono Pharmaceutical and participated in an advisory/review board for Otsuka, Sumitomo Pharma, and Shionogi. Hajime Baba received grant funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Esai, and speaker’s honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Pharma, MSD, Meiji Seika Pharma, Eli Lilly, Yoshitomi Yakuhin, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Esai, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Lundbeck, Mochida, Sawai, Kowa, EA Pharma, Mylan EPD and Viatris. Yosuke Koshikawa received grant from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and received honoraria from Meiji Seika Pharma, Otsuka, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Sanofi. Yoshiteru Takekita has received grant funding from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and speaker’s honoraria from Meiji-Seika Pharma, Sumitomo Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Otsuka, Eisai, Lundbeck, Daiichi-Sankyo, Takeda Pharmaceutical, UCB Japan, Novartis, Teijin Phama and Ono Pharmaceutical. Toshihiko Kinoshita received speaker’s honoraria from Otsuka, Sumitomo Pharma, Meiji-Seika Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Lundbeck, and Ono Pharmaceutical. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.