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Article History

Received: 14 May 2025

Accepted: 8 August 2025

First Online: 9 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: LC: LC reports an unrestricted grant from Chiesi outside the submitted work and paid to the institution. WA: None JiV: JiV reports unrestricted faculty research grants from GSK, Teva, AZ, Chiesi, Sanofi, and speaker fees from AZ, GSK, Sanofi, Chiesi, Stichting RoLeX and Health Investment. HK: HK reports grants and consultancy/advisory board participation from/for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, and Novartis, all outside the submitted work. All were paid to his institution. TZ: None JS: No conflicts of interest within the scope of the submitted work. MW: None DT: DT reports grants from Chiesi outside the submitted work and paid to the institution. DT is member of the advisory board of Pure-IMS and Sanquin. JFMvB: JFMvB reports grants, consultancy fees, or both from ALK Abello, Aardex, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, European Commission COST Action 19132 “ENABLE”, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, Teva, Trudell Medical, and Vertex, all outside of the submitted work and paid to his institution (UMCG) and is co-chair of European Respiratory Society's Clinical Research Collaboration (ERS CRC) CONNECT.