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Authors
Samman, Abrar
Al-Jelaify, Muneera
Alsunaidi, Afnan
Temsah, Mohamad-Hani
Alhasan, Khalid A.
Alsultan, Abdullah
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Saud University under the title “Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin, meropenem, amikacin, and gentamicin in pediatric critically ill patients using novel renal biomarkers” (Approval No. E-24-8697, dated May 16, 2024).
: Informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating children prior to their enrollment. To maintain confidentiality, all patient data were anonymized.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
