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Article History

Received: 23 September 2025

Accepted: 22 December 2025

First Online: 6 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was not required for this study, as it reports retrospective analysis of fully anonymized data from routine clinical practice, without any interventions or modifications to patient care. All data were collected in accordance with institutional and national guidelines for clinical reporting and patient confidentiality. Patient confidentiality was maintained throughout.

: The study was conducted using anonymised retrospective data with no patient identifiers present in the manuscript. As laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), consent to participate was not required.

: Consent for publication is not applicable as this study does not contain any identifiable person’s data in any form.

: William G Newman is a co-founder of an early-stage health technology start-up, Fava Health Ltd. Rachel Bastiaenen has received speaker fees for Bristol Myers Squibb, consulting fees for Pfizer and speaker fees for Medtronic. Robert M Cooper is Chief Investigator UK for SEQUOIA and ACACIA trials of Aficamten in HCM. Rachel Bastiaenen and Robert M Cooper have received consulting fees from Bristol Myers Squibb. Yande Kasolo is a sub-investigator for ACACIA, FOREST and MAPLE trials of Aficamten in HCM. Edward Burford has received honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb for speaking at educational events.