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Authors
Chen, Xin
Liu, Yang
Wei, Wei
Xia, Xia
Wu, Xinyue
Lu, Xinyi
Hu, Gang
Lu, Shengdi
Shen, Yun
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2026
Accepted: 2 May 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital (approval number: [2025-KY-234 (K)]). As this was a retrospective study using de-identified electronic health record data with no direct patient contact, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived by all four ethics committees in accordance with the applicable Chinese regulations on the use of existing medical records for scientific research. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). All data were handled in compliance with the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos). All data are presented in aggregate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
