Ukeba, Daisuke
Nagahama, Ken
Yamada, Katsuhisa
Abe, Yuichiro
Hyugaji, Yoshinori
Endo, Tsutomu
Ohnishi, Takashi
Tachi, Hiroyuki
Hasegawa, Yuichi
Sudo, Hideki
Iwasaki, Norimasa
Article History
Received: 11 November 2024
Accepted: 16 February 2025
First Online: 1 March 2025
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Sapporo Endoscopic Spine Surgery.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study.