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Article History

Received: 18 September 2024

Accepted: 26 February 2025

First Online: 11 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (IRB#14-001261 and #21–000514) from the local ethic committee (University of California Los Angeles).

: The images shown were obtained from patients who gave written informed consent to have their data used for research purposes.

: The authors have no editorial positions in this journal.

: Results from this cohort have been already reported and published, in articles that had a substantially different aim and methodology (Sanvito et al. Eur Radiol 2023, Sanvito et al. AJNR 2024).

: Disclosures relevant to the topic of the manuscript: BME owns the patent for dynamic SAGE-EPI (patent: US 11,378,638 B2). The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies (not relevant to the topic of the manuscript): T.F.C. is cofounder, major stock holder, consultant and board member of Katmai Pharmaceuticals, holds stock for Erasca, member of the board and paid consultant for the 501c3 Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, holds stock in Chimerix and receives milestone payments and possible future royalties, member of the scientific advisory board for Break Through Cancer, member of the scientific advisory board for Cure Brain Cancer Foundation, has provided paid consulting services to Third Rock, Symbio, Mundipharma, Tango BlueRock, Vida Ventures, Lista Therapeutics, Stemline, Novartis, Roche, Sonalasense, Sagimet, Clinical Care Options, Ideology Health, Servier, Jubilant, Immvira, Gan & Lee, BrainStorm, Katmai, Sapience, Inovio, Vigeo Therapeutics, DNATrix, Tyme, SDP, Kintara, Bayer, Merck, Boehinger Ingelheim, VBL, Amgen, Kiyatec, Bayer, Abbvie, VBI, Deciphera, VBL, Agios, Novocure, Medscape and has contracts with UCLA for the Brain Tumor Program with Servier, Roche, VBI, Merck, Novartis, BMS, In8bio. The Regents of the University of California (T.F.C. employer) has licensed intellectual property co-invented by TFC to Katmai Pharmaceuticals. B.M.E. is on the advisory board of Carthera, Chimerix, Erasca, Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Imaging Endpoints, Medicenna, Voiant/MedQIA, Monteris, Neosoma, Orbus Therapeutics, Sagimet Biosciences, Sapience Therapeutics, Servier Pharmaceuticals, SonALAsense, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Third Rock Ventures, and is a paid advisor and consultant for Medicenna, Voiant/MedQIA, Neosoma, Servier Pharmaceuticals, Siemens, Janssen, Imaging Endpoints, Kazia, VBL, Oncoceutics/Chimerix, Carthera, Erasca, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, ImmunoGenesis, Orbus Therapeutics, Ellipses Pharma, Monteris, Global Coalition for Adaptive Research (GCAR), Alpheus Medical, Inc., SonALAsense, Third Rock Ventures, Curtana Pharma, and Sagimet Biosciences. Grant funding is from Siemens, Servier/Agios, Neosoma, and Janssen.