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Authors
Ma, Yuan
Liu, Yifu
Tang, Minqiang
Liu, Xinglong
Lu, Guangdong
Qiu:, Kai
Zhou, Chun
Zhao, Linbo
Cao, Yuezhou
Liu, Sheng
Shi, Haibin
Jia, Zhenyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472085)
Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Plan of Social Development (BE2022809)
Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science Technology and Education (JSDW202243)
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Article History
Received: 2 August 2025
Accepted: 28 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The requirement for informed consent to review patient records and images was waived in this retrospective study.
: This study involves human participants and was approved by the ethical committee of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (ID:2021- SR- 288). All procedures involving human participants in this study followed the ethical standards of the Institutional and/or National Research Committee and the 1975 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
