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Authors
Liu, Jiuding
Jiang, Runhao
Sun, Hongyan
Shen, Feifei
Zhao, Linbo
Cao, Yuezhou
Liu, Sheng
Shi, Haibin
Jia, Zhenyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302324)
Jiangsu Province key research and development plan of social development (BE2022809)
Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science, Technology and Education (JSDW202243)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 11 October 2025
First Online: 8 November 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee with a waiver of individual patient consent for the use of their data.
: Written operative consent was obtained from all patients or their legal representatives before the operation. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
