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Article History

Received: 4 September 2025

Accepted: 31 October 2025

First Online: 8 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used only publicly available, fully de-identified non-contrast head CT scans from the RSNA 2019 Brain CT Hemorrhage Challenge dataset. No new human data were collected, and there was no direct interaction with patients. Under applicable regulations, secondary analysis of publicly available de-identified data does not constitute human-subjects research and does not require Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee review or informed consent. No attempt was made to re-identify individuals. All analyses complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional and journal policies on research integrity and data privacy.

: AI such as ChatGPT was used only for the purpose of framing the language. The authors take full responsibility for the content.

: The authors declare no competing interests.