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Article History

Received: 28 July 2025

Accepted: 5 November 2025

First Online: 21 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the each participating institutional research ethics committee and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Dr. T.H. reports a lecturer’s fee from Medtronic, Stryker, Terumo, Kaneka, and Johnson & Johnson. Dr. H.I. reports a lecturer’s fee from Medtronic, Daiichi Sankyo, Stryker, Terumo, and Johnson & Johnson. Dr. N.S. reports a research grant from Century Medical, Japan Lifeline, Kaneka, Medtronic, Penumbra, Terumo and TG Medical; lecturer’s fees from Asahi-Intec, Kaneka, Medtronic, SB Kawasumi, Stryker, and Terumo; membership on the advisory boards for Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic and Terumo outside the submitted work. Dr. K.I. received a research grant from Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Japan outside the submitted work. Dr. A.I. received a research grant from Fujifilm and lecturer fees from Medtronic, Stryker, Terumo, and Johnson & Johnson. Dr. Y.M. reports lecturer fees from Medtronic, Stryker, Terumo, Kaneka, Biomedical Solution, E.P. Medical, B. Braun, Daiichi Sankyo, and Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Japan outside the submitted work. Dr. T.S. received a research grant from CANON Medical Systems, lecturer fees from Medtronic, and consulting fees from Kaneka. Dr. S.Y. reports research grants from Medico’s Hirata, Medtronic, and Terumo and lecturer fees from Medtronic Kaneka, Stryker, Daiichi Sankyo, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Johnson & Johnson. Other co-authors have no conflict of interest for this manuscript.