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Authors
Guo, Ran
Qu, Xiaoxia
Tian, Song
Li, Zheng
Wang, Xinyan
Sun, Zhenchao
Xin, Ruiqiang
Xian, Junfang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Ascent Plan (DFL20190203)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471951)
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 27 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study conformed to the ethical principles for medical research involving human participants as outlined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hospital 1 (name anonymized per journal requirements).
: The informed consent requirement was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
