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Authors
Rosok, Daniel
Opitz, Marcel
Bos, Denise
Thal, Yannick
Drews, Marcel
Ocker-Serger, Raya
Holtkamp, Mathias
Salhöfer, Luca
Dudda, Marcel
Haubold, Johannes
Schweiger, Bernd
Forsting, Michael
Deuschl, Cornelius
Zensen, Sebastian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Essen
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the local Ethics Committee.
: This retrospective study was conducted using data obtained during routine clinical care. As confirmed by the local Ethics Committee, the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived.
: D.R. was supported by the Junior Clinician Scientist Program of the Medical Faculty at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany, which provided partial release from clinical duties to facilitate the conduct of this study. M.H. received financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG)-funded Clinician Scientist Academy of the University Hospital Essen (UMEA) (FU 356/12–2). The other authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
