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Authors
Wong, Alex, Mun-Ching
Siow, Tiing-Yee
Chiang, Ming-Chou
Lin, Jainn-Jim
Lin, Shin-Nan
Lin, Eddy Chien-Yuan
Toh, Cheng-Hong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112 - 2314 - B - 182A - 129 - MY3)
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 27 December 2025
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
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: Approval of our study was obtained from the institutional review board of Chang Gung Medical Foundation and informed consent from the participants was waived. All research procedures adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors utilized Claude Sonnet 3.7 and ChatGPT-4o to improve writing style and grammatical accuracy. The AI tools were not used to generate original scientific content, analyze data, or contribute to research findings. Following its use, the authors thoroughly reviewed, edited, and verified the content to ensure accuracy and integrity, and take full responsibility for its content.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
