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Authors
Demirel, Emin
Dilek, Okan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Afyonkarahisar Health Science University
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 15 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics Approval: This study utilized publicly available, de-identified datasets. The Erasmus Glioma Database (EGD) is publicly available through the Health-RI XNAT Medical Imaging Service system. The TCGA-LGG dataset is publicly available through The Cancer Imaging Archive and was collected with Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent at the contributing institutions. As this study involved only secondary analysis of anonymized, open-access data, no additional ethics approval was required according to our institutional guidelines.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Consent to Participate: Not applicable. This study used only publicly available, de-identified datasets. Informed consent was obtained from participants at the time of original data collection as part of the Erasmus Glioma Database and TCGA-LGG study protocols.
