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Race and ethnicity reporting and the near absence of non-binary gender representation in randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery: a 15-year systematic review

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-026-02414-w

Published Online: 2026-03-02

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Çelik, Murat https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2027-7843
Bakkaloğlu, Yağmur Nahide

Yavuz, Mehmet Arda https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7393-9281
Sönmez Bayram, Güneş https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1793-9448
Görücü, Furkan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2037-3465
Kocer, Ugur https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-0459
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-02

Version of Record valid from 2026-03-02
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Article History

Received: 28 December 2025

Accepted: 19 February 2026

First Online: 2 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was not required for this study, as it is a systematic review of previously published literature. Informed consent was not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.

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