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The role of super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) in the treatment of symptomatic lower pole renal stones (LPSs) after the failure of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-018-1068-4

Published Online: 2018-06-15

Published Print: 2019-06

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Fan, Junhong

Zhang, Tao

Zhu, Wei

Gurioli, Alberto

Ketegwe, Irene Raphael

Zeng, Guohua
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Article History

Received: 16 October 2017

Accepted: 11 June 2018

First Online: 15 June 2018

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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