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Authors
Paul, Angela P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1598
Orozco-Whitaker, Erin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-0077
Shamsuddin, Sareeha https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5229-5952
Xiang, Peng https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3145-074X
Landry, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-3890
Poff, Boris
Karadoust, Solmaz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2484-5767
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Bureau of Land Management (L16PG00087)
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 6 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that there are no conflict or competing interests to disclose .
: Angela Paul, of the US Geological Survey, and Boris Poff, of the US Bureau of Land Management, collaborated the study conception and design. Erin Orozco-Whitaker managed and led the sampling efforts of the project. The laboratory PolyAnalytik, Ontario, of which Eric Landry, Peng Xiang, Sareeha Shamsuddin, and Solmaz Karadoust were employees, was contracted by the US Bureau of Land Management to develop the analytical method and to analyze all soil and water samples for butyl acrylate vinyl acetate. All authors have had the opportunity to review and comment on the final manuscript and approve of its contents.
: Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
