Kim, Joseph J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-7246
Ross, Peter S.
Delisle, Kelsey
Brown, Tanya M.
Bishay, Farida
Noël, Marie
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. (SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc.)
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (National Fish and Wildlife Foundation)
Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Fisheries and Oceans Canada)
Environment and Climate Change Canada (Environment and Climate Change Canada)
Association of Denman Island Marine Stewards (Association of Denman Island Marine Stewards)
Capital Regional District (Capital Regional District)
Metro Vancouver (Metro Vancouver)
Metlakatla First Nation (Metlakatla First Nation)
Neptune Terminals (Neptune Terminals)
Port of Prince Rupert (Port of Prince Rupert)
Tsleil-Waututh Nation (Tsleil-Waututh Nation)
Vancouver Fraser Port Authority (Vancouver Fraser Port Authority)
Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre (Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre)
Comox Valley Project Watershed Society (Comox Valley Project Watershed Society)
Marine Planning Program of the Council of the Haida Nation (Marine Planning Program of the Council of the Haida Nation)
Heiltsuk Integrated Resource and Management Department (Heiltsuk Integrated Resource and Management Department)
K’ómoks First Nation (K’ómoks First Nation)
Lax Kw’alaams Fisheries Biologist and Technicians (Lax Kw’alaams Fisheries Biologist and Technicians)
Musqueam Indian Band (Musqueam Indian Band)
Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council (Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council)
Saturna Island Marine Research and Education Society (Saturna Island Marine Research and Education Society)
Tlowitsis Guardian Watchmen (Tlowitsis Guardian Watchmen)
Tsawwassen First Nation (Tsawwassen First Nation)
Pender Harbour Ocean Discovery Station (Pender Harbour Ocean Discovery Station)
Article History
Received: 9 November 2025
Accepted: 7 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.