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Authors
Ehrmann, Daniel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-2865
Hodgman, Matthew W.
Wittrup, Emily M.
Charpie, John R.
Owens, Gabe E.
Aiyagari, Ranjit
Najarian, Kayvan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gerber Foundation (10804)
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Michigan Medical School (protocol HUM00092309, “Development of Clinical Decision Support Tools in Acute Care,” approved July 24, 2023).
: The Institutional Review Board at the University of Michigan Medical School waived the requirement for informed consent for this retrospective study due to minimal risk to participants and the impracticability of obtaining consent for a large retrospective cohort.
: Not applicable.
