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Effects of hydraulic retention time on the performance of algal-bacterial-based aquaponics (AA): focusing on nitrogen and oxygen distribution

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9338-1

Published Online: 2018-09-06

Published Print: 2018-11

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Fang, Yingke

Chen, Xinhan

Hu, Zhen

Liu, Daoxing

Gao, Hang

Nie, Lichao
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

China Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2017ZX07101003)

Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Plan (2017GSF216011)

Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (2017JC025)

Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2018QEE006)
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Article History

Received: 5 June 2018

Revised: 19 July 2018

Accepted: 8 August 2018

First Online: 6 September 2018

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.This article used fish (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) as an experimental object. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.