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Authors
Khumalo, Nolwandle N.
Obi, Linda U.
Yusuf, Abdullahi A.
Adeleke, Rasheed A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation (PR_DAAD210907637972, SRUG220326856)
North-West University
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Article History
Received: 13 March 2025
Revised: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: The collection of honey bee brood frames and setting up of the hoarding cage experiments were carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations for Animal Ethics of the University of Pretoria.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
