Document is current

Article History

Received: 30 December 2025

Revised: 7 February 2026

Accepted: 19 February 2026

First Online: 24 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the scientific research ethics committee, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt. Written informed consent for enrolment, screening, and specimen collection was obtained from each patient or their parents or guardians. The data of the specimens were not exposed. The cytotoxicityexperiments were conducted in compliance with the IACUC (The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) statement for using animals in research and teaching by the local ethicalcommittee of AUHA (Al-Azhar University Housing Animals).

: All authors have read the final version of the manuscript and give their formal consent for the publication of this research in the journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology .

: Not applicable.

: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Gemini for the purpose of linguistic refinement and grammatical checking to improve readability. Following the use of this tool, the authors performed a comprehensive review and manually edited the content to ensure scientific accuracy. The authors take full responsibility for the integrity of the experimental data, the response surface methodology (RSM) calculations, the interpretation of the results, and the final content of the publication. The experimental findings and statistical analyses reported herein were generated entirely by the authors without the assistance of artificial intelligence.