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Article History

Received: 17 November 2025

Revised: 24 April 2026

Accepted: 4 May 2026

First Online: 30 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Human fecal samples were collected from healthy adult volunteers in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Bonn (approval no. DRKS00036882). All volunteers were informed about the purpose of the study and the voluntary nature of sample donation prior to participation. In accordance with the procedure accepted by the Ethics Committee and German data protection requirements, voluntary provision of an anonymized fecal sample was considered as consent to participate. 

: Uwe Deppenmeier is a member of the Editorial Board of the Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology and was not involved in the peer review process or the editorial decision-making for this manuscript.