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Authors
Ghotbi, Elena
Hadidchi, Roham
Hathaway, Quincy A.
Bancks, Michael P.
Bluemke, David A.
Barr, R. Graham
Smith, Benjamin M.
Post, Wendy S.
Budoff, Matthew
Lima, João A. C.
Demehri, Shadpour
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (75N92020D00001)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HHSN268201500003I)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95159)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (75N92020D00005)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95160)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (75N92020D00002)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95161)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (75N92020D00003)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95162)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (75N92020D00006)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95163)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (75N92020D00004)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95164)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (75N92020D00007)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95165)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95166)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95167)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95168)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95169)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01-HL077612)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01-HL093081)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR-000040)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR-001079)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR-001420)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR079620)
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2025
Revised: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 29 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study is in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Boards at all participating institutions, with all participants providing written informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
