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Article History

Received: 3 February 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2025

First Online: 21 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The local ethics committee (University Hospital Clinical Ethic Committee) approved this retrospective study (Permission Numbers: 22–10822-BO/23–11654) and waived the need for study-specific consent.

: The authors received support not related to the manuscript as follows: TT reports fees from Abx (speaker). RS received research/travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim Funds and Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung. MK: Stock Ownership: Bayer. KMP has received a Clinician Scientist Stipend from the University Medicine Essen Clinician Scientist Academy (UMEA) sponsored by the faculty of medicine and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), travel fees from IPSEN, research funding from Bayer and honoraria from Novartis.VG: Employment: University Hospital Essen. Stock Ownership: AstraZeneca, Bicycle Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genmab, MSD. Honoraria: Advanced Accelerator Applications/Novartis, Amgen, Apogepha, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Ipsen, Janssen-Cilag, Merck Serono, MSD Oncology, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer. Consulting or Advisory Role: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cureteq, Debiopharm Group, Eisai, Gilead Sciences, Ipsen, Janssen-Cilag, MSD Oncology, Novartis, Oncorena, PCI Biotech, Pfizer, Synthekine. Research Funding: Amgen (Inst), Bicycle Therapeutics (Inst), Bristol-Myers Squibb (Inst), Gilead Sciences (Inst), Ipsen (Inst), MSD Oncology (Inst), Seagen (Inst). Travel Expenses: AstraZeneca, Ipsen, Janssen, Merck Serono, Pfizer. BH reports Consulting or Advisory role for Lightpoint medical, Janssen, Bayer, Abx, Astellas, Merck, Amgen, MSD, Novartis, BMS, Onkowissen, POINT Biopharma, Pfizer, Ipsen, Accord Healthcare, Telix; Travel support from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Bayer, and Ipsen; Research Funding from Janssen, Novartis and BMS, all outside of the submitted work. CK reports consulting fees from Apogepha, speaker fees from Novartis and Pfizer, travel support from Janssen, Amgen and Bayer and research funding from Novartis, Amgen and Mariana Oncology. WPF reports fees from SOFIE Bioscience (research funding), Janssen (consultant, speaker), Calyx (consultant, image review), Bayer (consultant, speaker, research funding), Novartis (speaker, consultant), Telix (speaker), GE Healthcare (speaker, consultant), Eczacıbaşı Monrol (speaker), Abx (speaker), Amgen (speaker), Urotrials (speaker) outside of the submitted work.