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Article History

Received: 5 January 2025

Accepted: 14 March 2025

First Online: 25 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This is guideline for management of radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and no ethical approval is required.

: This is guideline for management of radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and no written informed consent is required.

: Not applicable.

: Jing Wang (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University), Rui An (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Chun-Mei Bai (Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College), Ruo-Chuan Cheng (Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Ju-Gao Fang (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tong Ren Hospital, Capital Medical University), Ming Gao (Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University), Ming-Hua Ge (Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Ning-Yi Jiang (Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Lin Li (Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University), Si-Jin Li (Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Xing-Rui Li (The Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ya-Ming Li (Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University), Jun Liang (Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital), Shao-Yan Liu (Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College), Quan-Yong Luo (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine), Zhong-Yan Shan (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University), Hong-Cheng Shi (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan university), Jian Tan (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital), Wei-Ping Teng (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University), Wen Tian (Department of Thyroid & Hernia Surgery, Medical Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital), Bai-Xuan Xu (Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital), Shi-Kai Wu (Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University First Hospital).

: Cong Shi (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College), Yu-Qing Sun (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College).

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.