Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China (2023Y9067)
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2024J0558)
NatuNatural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2024J01516.)
science and technology innovation joint fund project of Fujian Province (2024Y977)
Sponsored by Joint Funds for the innovation of science and Technology,Fujian province (2021Y9121)
Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 11 July 2025
First Online: 15 August 2025
Declarations
: The authors have no conflicts to disclose.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and our clinical research Ethics Code. Patient clinical data were anonymized and informed written consent was obtained for academic publication. This clinical trial has been approved by the Internal Review Board and registered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) of the ClinicalTrials.gov platform. The registration acceptance date was January 11, 2022, and its unique identification number on the ClinicalTrials.gov platform is NCT05188872.
: The patient has signed an informed consent prior to the renal biopsy, is fully aware of the risks and benefits of the examination, and is performed by a qualified physician.
: There are no Competing Interests.