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Authors
Zhang, Haoyu https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0899-657X
Li, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2068-5129
Chen, Yuxuan
Yin, Yafu
Fu, Hongliang
Wang, Hui
Chen, Suyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-654X
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the requirement for informed consent was waived (No. XHEC-D-2025-061).
: Due to the nature of the retrospective study, the need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
: The whole study was proceeded respecting the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. General consent from the institution was approved by each patient participating in this study agreeing a retrospective use of their medical history, health-related information and images for clinical research. The Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine approved the research protocol.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
