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Authors
Volz, Christian https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5464-5607
Coenen, Volker A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-6283
Frings, Lars https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9377-8935
Rijntjes, Michel
Urbach, Horst
Meyer, Philipp T.
Sajonz, Bastian E. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-0046
Brumberg, Joachim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-4776
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
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Article History
Received: 10 May 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of the University of Freiburg (EK 21-1274).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the presented data.
: Joachim Brumberg received honoraria outside of the submitted work (Novartis). Volker A. Coenen receives a collaborative grant from BrainLab (Munich, Germany), is a consultant for Ceregate (Munich, Germany), Cortec (Freiburg, Germany) and Inbrain (Barcelona, Spain), has an ongoing IIT with Boston Scientific (USA) and has received personal honoraria and travel support for lecture work from Boston Scientific (USA), all outside of the submitted work. The other authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest.
