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Article History

Received: 7 August 2025

Accepted: 13 October 2025

First Online: 20 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This retrospective study was approved by the local institutional review board (study number S-115/2020).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figs.  B and B.

: UH has filed a patent application for quinoline based FAP targeting agents for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine. UH also has shares of a consultancy group for iTheranostics. No other relevant conflicts of interest exist.WM has received grants or contracts from ArgenX, Kyverna, Lilly, Galapagos, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Evotec, BMS; consulting fees and payment or honoraria for lectures and presentations from Lilly, Galapagos, Boehringer-Ingelheim; Support for attending meetings and/or travel Kyverna, Lilly, Galapagos, Boehringer-Ingelheim; Patents planned Evotec, BMS; Participation on an Advisory Board: Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim; Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs: ArgenX.