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Authors
Chen, Mitchell https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-5615
Copley, Susan J.
Han, Yidong
Arshad, Mubarik A.
Viola, Patrizia
Linton-Reid, Kristofer
Stoycheva, Tina
Cook, Gary J. R.
Landau, David
Chua, Sue
O’Connor, Richard
Dickson, Jeannette
Power, Danielle
Rockall, Andrea G.
Barwick, Tara D.
Aboagye, Eric O.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (APP32148)
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (WSCC P87324)
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (P62585)
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Article History
Received: 28 June 2025
Accepted: 26 October 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective observational study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) and Health Research Authority UK (HRA 18HH4616).
: The requirement for explicit informed consent was waived by IRB due to the study’s retrospective and observational nature and use of de-identified patient data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
