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Authors
de Natale, Edoardo Rosario https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9708-9886
Wilson, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-0241
Verghese, Joji P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6651-9994
Mulroy, Eoin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-0592
Antoniadis, Savvas
Terry, Alana https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1699-9114
Cavallieri, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5836-1982
Avenali, Micol https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-9921
Nigro, Pasquale https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-0095
Valotassiou, Varvara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8439-6708
Rabiner, Eugenii A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-6687
Mullin, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1936-394X
Tambasco, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-4482
Pellecchia, Maria Teresa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6217-313X
Xiromerisiou, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-3588
Marshall, Vicky L. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8110-2005
Sammler, Esther https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-7116
Valente, Enza Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-6820
Valzania, Franco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4887-1692
Bhatia, Kailash P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-286X
Politis, Marios https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-7113
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (15964/15964.01; and 17783.)
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Health Research Authority (IRAS numbers: 279941 and 281131; REC references: 21/LO/0140 and 21/LO/0142), and authorization for administration of radioactive substances was granted by the United Kingdom Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee. The clinicaltrials.gov identifiers are NCT05518617 and NCT05516732, respectively. All participants gave their written informed consent prior to any research activity according to the Declaration of Helsinki
: Dr. Joji P. Verghese is supported by a clinical research fellowship from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s research. Dr. Alana Terry is supported by a clinical research fellowship from Invicro Ltd. Dr Savvas Antoniadis was, at the time of the study, supported by a clinical research fellowship from Hoffmann-La Roche. Professor Marios Politis research is supported by Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, City Electrical Factors, Hoffmann-La Roche, and Invicro Ltd; Professor Kailash P. Bhatia has received grant support from the Edmond J. Safra Movement Disorders Research Career Development Award (Grant ID: MJFF-023893), Parkinson’s UK (Grant ID: G-2401), EPSRC, and the David Pearlman Charitable Foundation. He has received a stipend from the International Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders Society as editor of MDCP journal and book royalties from Oxford University Press; Eugenii A. Rabiner is an employee of Perceptive Discovery London. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
