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Authors
Blandino, Antonino Andrea https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6017-5467
Caravan, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-6537
Ricciardi, Rocco
Bordeianou, Liliana G.
Kunitake, Hiroko
Goldstone, Robert N.
Drage, Michael G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-8268
Zhang, M. Lisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-4787
Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-1821
Catalano, Onofrio Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-4138
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A. (Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A.)
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Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 20 December 2025
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: This prospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Massachusetts General Hospital (protocol: 2019P001913) and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (protocol: NCT06252493). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all patients gave their full written informed consent.
: The authors Antonino Andrea Blandino, Rocco Ricciardi, Liliana G. Bordeianou, Hiroko Kunitake, Robert N. Goldstone, Michael G. Drage, M. Lisa Zhang, and Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan have no competing - financial or non-financial - interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.Peter Caravan has equity in Lumina Pharmaceuticals and Reveal Pharmaceuticals; has consulting income from Lumina Pharmaceuticals and Reveal Pharmaceuticals; received research support from Canon Medical USA, the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Caravan’s interests were reviewed and are managed by Massachusetts General Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict of interest policies.Onofrio Antonio Catalano received study support from Takeda Pharmaceuticals Co.
