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Authors
Wang, Chen
Xu, Ke
Li, Wanhu
Xu, Lei
Zhu, Kunli
Dou, Xue
Liu, Yuxin
Wang, Yumeng
Zhang, Xiang
Yue, Jinbo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5242-6554
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272753)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021LZL002)
Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2021SFGC05012021)
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the local ethics committee of Shandong Cancer Hospital (SDTHEC202412014), and all participants provided written informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and ethical standards. Consent for the inclusion of data and images in this publication was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians, including for online open-access publication.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for submission and publication. Consent has been obtained from all participants whose data or images are included in the study, ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines. No identifiable personal information or data of participants has been included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
