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Authors
Li, Shao-Chun
Xu, Yun-Peng
He, Fen
Chen, Qiao-Liang
Li, Ai-Mei
Fan, Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Clinical Trials from the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University (2021-LCYJ-MS-11)
Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital National Natural Science Foundation Youth Cultivation Project (2024-JCYJ-QP-15)
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This retrospective study was conducted at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2024-851-01) with waived informed consent.
: This retrospective study used anonymised patient data and was granted a waiver of informed consent by the Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2024-851-01). All data were de-identified prior to analysis to ensure participant confidentiality.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
