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Authors
Pan, Jian
Wang, Beihe
Zhu, Bin
Gan, Hualei
Hu, Xiaoxin
Liu, Xiaohang
Li, Xiaomeng
Wu, Junlong
Wang, Hongkai
Zhang, Qing
Liu, Chang
Song, Shaoli
Ma, Xuejun
Ye, Dingwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82473381)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172621)
Shanghai Medical Innovation Research Special Project (21Y11904300)
Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (23XD1420600)
Shanghai Shenkang Research Physician Innovation and Transformation Ability Training Project (SHDC2022CRD035)
Clinical Research Plan of SHDC (SHDC-2020CR2016B)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (BX20250228)
China Urological Oncology Research Foundation
Oriental Scholar Professorship
Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (20234Y0118)
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2026
Accepted: 1 June 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: The study involving human participants was in line with the principles of the ethics committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and the Declaration of Helsinki in 1964. This study does not include animal research.
: All patients provided written informed consent.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent.
