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Article History

Received: 14 June 2019

Accepted: 27 November 2019

First Online: 4 December 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: Richard Klar, Sven Michel, Monika Schell, Lisa Hinterwimmer and Frank Jaschinski are employed by Secarna. Richard Klar and Frank Jaschinski are holding patents for IDO1 and TDO2 ASOs, Sven Michel is holding a patent for TDO2 ASOs. Alfred Zippelius received research funding from Secarna Munich.

: Leukapheresis from healthy individuals was collected after informed consent following requirements of the local ethical board and principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study was approved by the ethics commission of the Technical University of Munich (ethics commission reference: 329/16 S, study approval date: 9-19-2016).

: Healthy donors consented in written form that their personal information was anonymized after leukapheresis and their PBMC were used to investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of immunosuppressive factors in vitro.

: Not applicable.

: EFO-21 (purchased from DSMZ), SKOV-3 (purchased from ATCC), MDA-MB-453 (purchased from ATCC) and A-172 (purchased from ATCC) cells were used in this study. Authentication of cell lines was not required as cells were purchased from professional vendors and master cell banks were generated shortly after taking the original vials into culture. Cells were kept in culture for a maximum time of 3 weeks to minimize the risk of contaminations.

: Not applicable.